Mary, the Holy Mother of God

ANTIPHON
Today a light will shine upon us, for the Lord is born for us; and He will be called Wondrous God, Prince of Peace, Father of future ages: and His reign will be without end. (cf Isaiah 9:1, Luke 1:33).

COLLECT
O God, who through the fruitful virginity of Blessed Mary
bestowed on the human race
the grace of eternal salvation,
grant, we pray,
that we may experience the intercession of her,
through whom we were found worthy
to receive the author of life,
our Lord Jesus Christ, your Son.
Who lives and reigns with You
in the unity of the Holy Spirit,
one God, for ever and ever. Amen

RESPONSORIAL PSALM
May God bless us in his mercy. (Psalm 67:2a).

SCRIPTURE EXCERPT
“All who heard it were amazed (ἐθαύμασαν, ethaumasan) by what had been told them by the shepherds. And Mary kept (συνετήρει, suneterei) all these things, reflecting (συμβάλλουσα, sumballousa) on them in her heart. Then the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all they had heard and seen, just as it had been told to them..” (Luke 2:6-12).”

REFLECTION
Once again the familiar Bethlehem Nativity scene is before us this day as we rejoice in the Motherhood of Mary, the Holy Mother of God. Yes, I know that pages of a calendar have flipped and a new one is now posted, a ball has dropped, fireworks, libations, the Mummers (for us Philadelphia folk) and all sorts of well-wishing and resolution-making fill the air. Yet throughout the Catholic Christian world, today is marked by celebrating the Gift of Mary as Mother of God, Mother of the Church. Today is the Church’s celebration of Mother’s Day with a clear focus on the Child born of Mary, given gratuitously to us for our salvation. This is a key point in the midst of the Christmas Mystery. Throughout the pages of the Gospel according to Saint Matthew and the Gospel according to Saint Luke, we meet many people whose lives are impacted substantially by the birth of Jesus Christ. Each person in the ‘Infancy Narrative’ acts as a teacher of Christian discipleship. By their actions and words, people such as Joseph, the shepherds and even Herod (in a negative way, of course) offer an insight as to what it means to be or to not be a disciple of the Newborn Savior. Towering over everyone in the ‘Infancy Narratives’ as a teacher of discipleship is Mary, the Holy Mother of God. Mary is the first and the model disciple.

So what does Mary do as the first and the model disciple? How does she teach us to be a disciple of her Son? First, she does nothing - she simply (and please pardon the poor grammar) be’s. Yes, I know it is not a word but throughout the history of theology, words have been ‘invented’ to assist in breaking open the Sacred Mysteries. Sometimes it works, sometimes it doesn’t. I often use this statement (or variations thereof), “Mary be’s” to underscore that the work of discipleship is never about activity, effort, energy or work that I initiate as a person to accomplish a ‘standing’ before God the Father. There certainly is activity that Mary does, effort and energy she expends, and certainly work that she does and accomplishes. Yet this activity, effort, energy and work is done in the mode of a humble response to the offer of gratuitous Life.


Thus when the shepherds proclaim all that was told them, everyone who hears the shepherd’s report is amazed (ἐθαύμασαν, ethaumasan). θαυμάζω (thaumázō) is a person’s expression that the events are outside one’s scope of explanation. The event may spark intense curiosity, astonishment, questioning, admiring, wondering or simply “Wow!” The event is as real to the person as today is Sunday (or whatever day of the week you are reading this blog entry). Any attempt by a listeners to disregard the event due to lack of explanation is met with words, admittedly bumbling at times, “It is real, I just can’t explain it!” (Try, for example, to capture in words the sight of Niagara Falls or the Grand Canyon. Even on a human level, we acknowledge events and experiences that are beyond both comprehension and expression, yet are nonetheless real.) In the New Testament and particularly the Gospels, θαυμάζω (thaumázō) conveys an additional quality. The experience or event, as real and as potent as it is for a person or persons, is part of the much larger unfolding of salvation history. In other words, it can never be “my moment,” “my wow time,” or “my astonishing event” not to mention “my Baptism,” “my First Communion,” “my Wedding day,” or “my Ordination.” Amazement in the Gospels (and hence for all disciples) is that moment, as ‘wow’ as it, that is never mine because it is part of a much larger picture. Thus “all” who listen to the shepherds teach us a valuable lesson about the experience of God-with-us: it’s not mine to have and to hold. The event and even little ole me is part of a much bigger picture.

Great lesson? Yes - AND - Mary teaches that there is more. Recognizing and celebrating God-with-us is a cause for genuine θαυμάζω (thaumázō). Mary, however, knows that there is more: the experience or the event of God-with-us has to be kept (συνετήρει, suneterei) and [continuously reflected upon (συμβάλλουσα, sumballousa). What does it mean to “keep” all these things? Isn’t that contrary to the Gospel sense that these experiences are not mine to keep? συντηρέω (syntēréō) is not so much about keeping in the hoarding sense as it is about protecting. συντηρέω (syntēréō) is the response Mary rendered knowing (in the sense of experiencing) that the events unfolding before her were all that she sang of when she visited her cousin Elizabeth months earlier. Seeing, knowing and recognizing God-with-us Who is about the work of our salvation is an awesome event that requires care. We cannot afford to be glib or casual about the Divine work in our midst and consequently we take reasonable steps to protect the wonderful wow moments of life that God the Father sends our way from time to time. We protect them by paying attention, stopping to soak in all that is happening, pulling the ear buds of the ipod out from our ears, turning away from television and computer monitors to be wholly present to the holy moment. In doing so, we are humbled by the enormity of the event or experience - not in a crushing way but in a way properly accommodated for our growth. Again, this is not something any of can force or engineer by way of a prayer technique or spirituality seminar. We can respond, however, by offering an environment or disposition for this Presence to growth according to Divine Will. This is the continuous reflecting that Mary does in response to the unfolding events before her. It's not Mary saying, ‘well, it is now time for me to reflect ... what shall I reflect upon?' No, reflecting is not an action that she initiates, it is rather a response to what God is doing (think often of how many describe the action of praying - ‘time to say my prayers.’ ‘Time to read my Office.’ The richness of the verb συμβάλλω (sumballo), which conveys a sense of ‘throwing together’ or ‘collecting’ is the same root for another English word, symbol. As used by the Evangelist Saint Luke, συμβάλλουσα (sumballousa) is a present-tense participle which in Greek grammar speaks of an action that is repeatedly done. The action of “reflecting” is actually a “collecting” of myself done, not by me, but by the Lord of Life.

And so for the disciple of the Newborn Savior, His Mother calls us today to three actions: θαυμάζω (thaumázō) - wowing in the salvific work of God-with-us, συντηρέω (syntēréō) valuing and protecting this work as singularly vital for life and συμβάλλω (sumballo) repeatedly being collected as one loved infinitely and intimately by God the Father that His will may always be done.

Nativity of the Lord

Mass During the Night

ANTIPHON
The Lord said to me: You are my Son. It is I Who has begotten You today. (cf Psalm 2:7).

COLLECT (OPENING PRAYER)
O God, Who have made this most sacred night
radiant with the splendor of the true light,
grant, we pray, that we, who have known the mysteries
of His light on earth,
may also delight in His gladness in heaven.
Who lives and reigns with You in the Unity of the Holy Spirit,
on God for ever and ever. Amen.

RESPONSORIAL PSALM
Today is born our Savior, Christ the Lord. (cf. Luke 2:11, Psalm 96).

SCRIPTURE EXCERPT
“While they were there, the time came for her to have her child, and she gave birth to her firstborn son. She wrapped him in swaddling clothes and laid him in a manger (ἐν φάτνῃ, en phatne), because there was no room for them in the inn. Now there were shepherds in that region living in the fields and keeping the night watch over their flock. The angel of the Lord appeared to them and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and they were struck with great fear. The angel said to them, “Do not be afraid; for behold, I proclaim to you good news of great joy that will be for all the people. For today in the city of David a savior has been born for you who is Messiah and Lord. And this will be a sign (σημεῖον, semeion) for you: you will find an infant wrapped in swaddling clothes and lying in a manger (ἐν φάτνῃ, en phatne).” (Luke 2:6-12).”


REFLECTION
In the Christian world, the Nativity scene is a staple of this Sacred Season. Nativity sets, as some refer to them, come in all sorts of shapes, sizes, colors, textures and even occasionally appear living, complete with a newborn infant and various animals. Rooted probably in the ministry and preaching of Saint Francis of Assisi, the Nativity scene that appeared in the 13th century was intended to convey the historic reality of the Savior's birth and thereby teach the goodness of human nature and indeed all creation. Over the years, various artistic renderings of the Bethlehem event have taken on a life of its own and one might venture that some distance has grown between the typical Nativity set and life in first-century Bethlehem.

Take, for example, the usual depiction of the manger. Generally you see clean-sawed wood that is even smooth to the touch. Many mangers are small, just big enough to cradle a newborn infant (how convenient) with hay or straw that is not only clean, but nicely arranged to make for a great picture. In the first-century, the φάτνη (phatne) would better be described as a feeding trough for all the animals. It could be wooden or stone and in either case, it had to be big enough and sturdy enough to service the needs of one's animals. For the Evangelist Saint Luke, what is important about the φάτνη (phatne) is what goes into it: food. The φάτνη (phatne) is the sources of food for the animals and the animals are smart enough to be drawn to the φάτνη (phatne) for their daily sustenance. No doubt, the φάτνη (phatne) certainly was not a sterile environment, to say the least. With all the animals helping themselves to what was in the φάτνη (phatne), things were bound to get a bit messy and smelly, not to mention the fact that these animals needed ‘to learn’ how to co-exist with one another at the φάτνη (phatne); instinctively: not an easy thing to do.


Grasping the significance of the φάτνη (phatne) is a vital task of the Christmas event. No less than an “angel of the Lord” (someone you do not want to mess around with in Sacred Scripture!) reveals to shepherds that the φάτνη (phatne) is part of a σημεῖον (sēmeíon, sign). Saint Luke's use of σημεῖον (sēmeíon) recalls words of the Prophet Isaiah to Ahaz ("But Ahaz answered, “I will not ask! I will not tempt the LORD!” Then he said: Listen, O house of David! Is it not enough for you to weary men, must you also weary my God? Therefore the Lord himself will give you this sign: the virgin shall be with child, and bear a son, and shall name him Immanuel. (Isaiah 7:11-14)” Why did Ahaz protest a sign? Why didn't he want a sign? It seems so contrary to human nature. Even in our day, we cry out in our prayers “Give me a sign, O God!” As corrupt as he was, Ahaz knew that to receive a σημεῖον (sēmeíon) from God required action and change on his part. Biblically, a σημεῖον (sēmeíon) is not passive. Biblical signs are not ‘take-it or leave-it realities.’ The σημεῖον (sēmeíon) calls forth a response from the person or persons to whom the sign is given and often time the response involves some aspect of ongoing conversion on the part of the recipient.

Thus the φάτνη (phatne) of Bethlehem - a σημεῖον (sēmeíon) given by an “angel of the Lord” - is not a nice, warm, fluffy nostalgic ‘take-it’ or ‘leave-it’ object that conjures up memories of Christmas past. “Today is born our Savior, Christ the Lord,” we chant following the Isaian proclamation. Notice the word today. We gather today to celebrate an event is not confined or locked in the past. Yes, we celebrate a historic event, most definitely - AND - we celebrate an event that is also most present: God-in-the-flesh Who is Emmanuel: God-with-us. What exactly does that mean for each disciple of Jesus? The ‘answer’ to that question requires each to imitate the shepherds who went in haste (Luke 2:16) to Bethlehem (the city whose name in Hebrew means “House (or home) of Bread”). In other words, the shepherds did not procrastinate. The shepherds did not permit their attention to wander off point. The angel said go, and go they did! To go to Bethlehem is to encounter the σημεῖον (sēmeíon) and to be changed. Bethlehem for us is as close as the Altar of our parish Church. It is going to that φάτνη (phatne) where we will be given “our daily Bread” Who transforms our lives by filling them with His joy.

Advent, the Fourth Sunday

ANTIPHON
Drop down dew from above, you heavens, and let the clouds rain down the Just One; let the earth be opened and bring forth a Savior. (cf Isaiah 45:8).

COLLECT (OPENING PRAYER)
Pour forth, we beseech you, O Lord,
Your Grace into our hearts,
that we, to whom the Incarnation of Christ Your Son
was made known by the message of an Angel,
may by His Passion and Cross
be brought to the glory of His Resurrection.
Who lives and reigns with You in the unity of the Holy Spirit
one God, for ever and ever. Amen.

RESPONSORIAL PSALM
For ever I will sing the goodness of the Lord. (Psalm 89:2a).

SCRIPTURE EXCERPT
“Now to him who can strengthen (στηρίζω) you, according to my gospel (εὐαγγέλιόν) and the proclamation (κήρυγμα) of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery (κατὰ ἀποκάλυψιν μυστηρίου) kept secret (σεσιγημένου) for long ages but now manifested through the prophetic writings and, according to the command of the eternal God, made known (γνωρισθέντος) to all nations to bring about the obedience of faith (ὑπακοὴν πίστεως), to the only wise God, through Jesus Christ be glory forever and ever. Amen. (Romans 16:25-27).”

REFLECTION
“I have a secret, do you want to know what it is?” How quickly did your attention pique when you heard that question? Let’s face it, as human beings were are instinctively inquisitive and often throw caution to the wind when it comes to transforming the unknown of secrecy to knowledge that I can grasp and more importantly, use. There is something unsettling at times about a secret. When another announces “I have a secret” implicitly he or she is also saying ‘I have knowledge that you don't.’ Whatever that knowledge might be, when someone ‘has it’ (no matter what the ‘it’ is) one also has a certain power over another that may or may not be manipulated for personal gain. On occasion, as the 'secret holder,' I might choose to let another know. But consider how one tells a secret: generally it is done with a whispery voice accompanied by clandestine gestures and postures to prevent others from knowing whatever it is that I call “secret.”


There certainly is a good dimension and proper use of secrecy. This ‘good side’ of secrecy is better expressed by the word confidential, a word grounded in the experience of trust. When we talk, for example, of professional confidentiality it is not so much about having secrets about another in a negative sense. A person is not an ‘it’ whose data or information can be capriciously and whimsically spread about for entertainment or self-aggrandisement. Rather it is about keeping silent when it comes to aspects of another’s life, a silence that is meant to help heal life’s injuries and wounds by respecting the dignity of the human person. It is in this context that Saint Paul speaks of a “secret" (σεσιγημένου, sesigemenou) kept for "long ages but now manifested through the prophetic writings.” The Greek verb σιγάω (sigao) can be translated appropriately as “to keep a secret.” But as is often the case with the ancient biblical languages, there are additional meanings that are quite valid. The difficulty is that many of these other meanings require multiple words if not sentences or a paragraph or two to translate the ancient word more precisely. If all of these words, sentences and paragraphs were employed in the oral proclamation of Sacred Scripture, we might loose the sense of the message because of the verbage. Hence, translators have opted for a paucity of words in proclamation with the intention of keeping our attention on the big-picture of the biblical message. It falls then to ongoing mystagogical catechesis (ongoing unfolding of the Sacred Mystery) to break open deeper layers of meaning that the biblical text conveys in both the literal and spiritual senses. For this reason, the sacred study of our Faith is a necessity! Secondly, it is also the reason why translations must be revised from time to time. As we come to learn more precisely the ancient languages through good scientific and archeological discoveries, translations must then reflect that deeper precision.

At any rate, what then do we make about “the revelation of the mystery kept secret for long ages?” What happens when the translation is rendered “the revelation of the mystery kept silent for long ages?” For Saint Paul, this silence is the expression of God the Father’s preparation for the offer of salvation that will be spoken (thus breaking the silence) by God-in-the-flesh, Jesus Christ, the Word of God. The beauty and power of breaking the silence (telling the secret) is that what is heard is not an it, but a Person. Telling the secret is not about getting knowledge in sense of data or trivia but experiencing and encountering a Person; the Person Jesus Christ. This is the difference in Greek between οἶδα (oida) and γινώσκω (ginosko). Yes, a number of biblical scholars consider οἶδα and γινώσκω to be synonyms. Yet there are scholars who contend that there is a difference between the two. For these scholars, οἶδα (oida) indicates a type of knowledge that one can acquire or learn. A student at the end of a semester (how timely at this time of year) can say “I know that I know the course material” and the professor is able to appropriately assess (quantify) that knowledge based on a grading rubric and matrix it into a course grade. γινώσκω (ginosko) on the other hand is a ‘penetrating experience to the core of one’s being that establishes identity.’ Thus that same student at the end of a Christology course can say “I know the material and because of that knowledge I willingly change this or that in my life and know Jesus Christ as Lord.” This is knowledge in a different realm. This reflects the disciples’ encounter with the Risen Jesus at Emmaus. When Saint Luke records that “He [Jesus] became known (ἐγνώσθη, egnosthe) to them in the Breaking of the Bread (Luke 24:35,” the disciples’ knowledge of Jesus was not the same as the knowledge of their surroundings, the day, the time or the weather. This was a ‘knowledge’ that was an experience of a Person that resulted in a change of heart (μετάνοια metánoia) and change of action (the disciples willingly and joyfully return to Jerusalem to proclaim Jesus is risen and alive). Thus the Pauline Word of God to us this Sunday is a challenge to allow ourselves to be drawn into Divine Silence this week that we may be prepared to receive and encounter the Word Who shatters silence for the sake of our salvation.

O Sacred Lord of Ancient Israel, Who showed Yourself to Moses in the burning bush, Who gave him the holy law on Sinai mountain: come, stretch our Your mighty hand to set us free.

And a post script: Some have written and asked about the underlined English words with the Greek and Hebrew in parentheses that I have not addressed in the particular Sunday blog. Fret not, these are words, topics and subjects for a later entry. A sapiential guide told me recently, “don't try to do everything at once because you can’t.” His wisdom has proved true.

Advent, the Third Sunday

ANTIPHON
Rejoice in the Lord always; again I say, rejoice. Indeed, the Lord is near. (cf Philippians 4:4-5).

RESPONSORIAL PSALM
My soul rejoices in my God. (Isaiah 61:10).

SCRIPTURE EXCERPT
“The spirit (רוּחַ ruach) of the Lord GOD is upon me, because the LORD has anointed (מָשַׁח mashach) me; he has sent me to bring glad tidings (בָּשַׂר bāsar) to the poor, to heal the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives and release to the prisoners, to announce a year of favor from the LORD and a day of vindication by our God (Isaiah 61:1-2a).”
“I rejoice heartily in the LORD, in my God is the joy of my soul; for he has clothed me with a robe of salvation (יָשַׁע yasha) and wrapped me in a mantle of justice, like a bridegroom adorned with a diadem, like a bride bedecked with her jewels. As the earth brings forth its plants, and a garden makes its growth spring up, so will the Lord GOD make justice and praise spring up before all the nations (Isaiah 61:10-11).”

REFLECTION
When was the last time you addressed someone with “glad tidings” or a person addressed you with the same greeting? The question would be the same if “glad tidings” were substituted by the word gospel. Many Christians tend to think the word gospel is unique to the Christian experience bearing the names Mark, Matthew, Luke and John. Historically, the English word that comes to us as gospel has a rich foundation in the cultures of the Ancient Near East as well as the Persian and Greek military machines. In the pages of the Old Testament, glad tidings (בָּשַׂר bāsar) is often associated with war, particularly victory. The victor and company sing the “glad tidings” of a new way of living that the victory has effected. More specifically, numerous uses of glad tidings (בָּשַׂר bāsar) in the Old Testament center on David either victorious in battle or protected against his enemies. Accounts of victorious battles or protection from those who sought to kill him were often couched in the language of glad tidings (בָּשַׂר bāsar). Around the time of Alexander the Great when a Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures occurred (a text known as the Septuagint and commonly abbreviated by the Roman numeral LXX (70) because it is believed that 70 elders were involved in the production of the Greek translation) “to bring glad tidings (בָּשַׂר bāsar)” was translated εὐαγγελίζω (euaggelizo, gospel) “To announce good news” in the Persian-Greek era was to announce victory over one’s enemy or enemies. In time, the use of εὐαγγελίζω (euaggelizo, gospel) appeared to be somewhat restricted to news of victory concluding a war. While there were (and still are!) many events that constituted “good news,” Alexander’s time opted for a more restrictive identity of “good news” linked to a victorious end of a war or military campaign.

Prior to Alexander the Great and still within the Tradition of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, Advent’s Prophet of Hope made use of glad tidings (בָּשַׂר bāsar), especially in the chapters beginning at 40. In the Isaian text proclaimed last week, “glad tidings (בָּשַׂר bāsar)” was news intimately linked to freedom from captivity, a freedom that resulted from the transformation (not annihilation) of obstacles. “Go up on to a high mountain, Zion, herald of glad tidings (בָּשַׂר basar); cry out at the top of your voice, Jerusalem, herald of good news (בָּשַׂר basar)! Fear not to cry out and say to the cities of Judah: Here is your God! Here comes with power the Lord GOD, who rules by his strong arm; here is his reward with him, his recompense before him. Like a shepherd he feeds his flock; in his arms he gathers the lambs, carrying them in his bosom, and leading the ewes with care (Isaiah 40:9-11).” True to his time and culture, Isaiah conveys a sense of the military (“power,” and “rules by his strong arm”) but notice the other aspect: the ‘good news’ of feeding, carrying and leading. These actions are at the heart of living, especially in and on a land that is often hostile to life. These actions became concrete images in the Old Testament describing (never defining, that is, limiting) the experience of salvation (יָשַׁע yasha or yesha [the Hebrew root of Jesus!]). Salvation (יָשַׁע yasha) in the context of the Old Testament is about living on a land that is broad and wide, not hemed in to or by a tight space. On this land that is broad and wide, one has sufficient resources for a family to live: sufficient drinking water for family, livestock and crops. One has sufficient food for family and herd. Sufficient clothing and housing offers protection from nature (a scorching sun by day and surprisingly cold night) and criminals. For Isaiah this was all experienced as pure and complete gift from a Providential God of Love.


For Isaiah, this proclamation of glad tidings (בָּשַׂר basar) is an act of creation. It brings into existence and establishes order and harmony that did not exist prior to the proclamation. Glad tidings (בָּשַׂר basar) is power that transforms even the most colossal obstacle into a vehicle of life and love. It is for this reason that one is anointed (מָשַׁח mashach). The concrete image of an abundant ‘rubbing oil into’ (not a passive pouring of drops) equips the recipient with the power necessary to call being into existence. That is truly the work of Messiah whose root in Hebrew is that of anointed. The Messiah whose birth we prepare to celebrate reminds us that we too have been anointed for mission through Baptism and Confirmation (and Ordination). Following the initiative of and working with the Holy Spirit, we model John the Baptist in speaking a word to burn complacency from our midst as the glad tidings of Divine Love are breathed into a waiting world and longing hearts.

COLLECT (OPENING PRAYER)
O God, Who see how Your people
faithfully await the feast of the Lord’s Nativity,
enable us, we pray,
to attain the joys of so great a salvation
and to celebrate them always
with solemn worship and glad rejoicing.
Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Your Son,
Who lives and reigns with You in the unity of the Holy Spirit,
one God, for ever and ever. Amen.